Dieta low carb como estratégia de manejo na remissão do diabetes mellitus insulinorresistente: síntese de evidências

Abstract

Introduction: Type II DM is associated with a deficiency in the mechanisms responsible to the regulation of tissue sensitivity to insulin action, in concomitance with deficient secretion of the hormone by pancreatic beta cells. LC diets restrict daily carbohydrates to anything between 20 and 50g, showing association with considerable weight loss. However, the effects of the LC diet on the control of DM II are quite controversial. Objective: To perform a literature review encompassing clinical trials that have proven the effects of the LC diet on the remission of DM II. Method: The following search strategy was used: (low-carb OR "low carb" OR "low carbohydrate" OR lowcarbohydrate OR ketogenic OR Atkins) AND (type-2 OR "type 2" OR type-II OR "type II" OR insulin-resistant) AND "clinical trial" in the PUBMED / MEDLINE database. Results: Twelve articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Summary of Evidences: The LC diet improves glycemic balance and should be considered in patients with type II DM who require nutritional support. Said diet further reduces visceral fat, improves insulin sensitivity and increases HDL levels. The stability of diurnal glycaemia and lipid profile can be maintained with the LC diet, without renal adverse effects, and without the need for hypoglycemic drugs. The diet is well tolerated and is quite safe, even when prescribed in the long period.